The Replaceability Index

Production: AI Replaceability Across 85 Occupations

Compare AI task exposure across occupations, alongside pay and projected growth. 85 occupations in this view. The score is a relative index of task exposure from 0 to 100. It is not a percentage chance of losing a job or a forecast of layoffs. Individual tasks, employer choices, adoption, and regulation all matter.

Occupation data. Exposure is an index out of 100, not a probability.
OccupationExposure /100Median annual wageStored growth projectionEmployment
Nuclear Power Reactor Operators12$114,700+0%6,000
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers22$66,620-1%693,600
Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers22$37,120+3%34,300
Upholsterers28$41,620+3%26,200
Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters28$41,850+3%90,500
Power Plant Operators28$100,090-3%32,200
Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators28$66,530+3%29,800
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators28$53,390+5%119,600
Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers28$46,310+3%21,900
Medical Appliance Technicians28$45,580+5%16,200
Tool and Die Makers32$58,390-3%54,100
Power Distributors and Dispatchers32$104,200+0%10,500
Chemical Plant and System Operators32$72,440+3%36,600
Gas Plant Operators32$82,020+3%10,200
Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers32$78,670-3%38,600
Plant and System Operators, All Other32$62,800+3%14,800
Butchers and Meat Cutters38$38,440+3%134,500
Sewers, Hand38$33,740-5%6,100
Dental Laboratory Technicians38$48,670+5%36,200
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers42$48,560+1%393,800
Bakers42$35,540+9%230,600
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers42$59,010+3%38,800
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers42$63,760+5%18,900
Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers42$34,140-5%6,700
Painters, Transportation Equipment42$51,930+3%24,500
Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters48$48,080+1%67,200
Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators48$39,420+3%21,200
Semiconductor Processing Technicians48$47,040+5%33,900
Etchers and Engravers48$38,460+3%8,200
Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic48$40,960+3%20,200
Machinists52$51,050+0%330,600
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers52$35,390+3%155,200
Slaughterers and Meat Packers52$37,380+3%83,900
Food Batchmakers52$37,040+5%101,800
Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders52$47,740-3%14,600
Pourers and Casters, Metal52$44,180-3%15,800
Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers, All Other52$36,700-3%22,400
Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders52$52,930+3%44,200
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders52$48,820+3%29,000
Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders52$43,040+3%18,800
Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers52$36,700+3%15,000
Production Workers, All Other52$38,230+3%193,700
Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders58$35,680+3%30,400
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators58$47,560+3%157,800
Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing58$38,520-3%37,800
Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders58$42,550+3%98,200
Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians58$37,180+5%26,300
Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders58$42,550+3%82,200
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic58$47,560+3%157,800
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders58$38,680+3%5,600
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers62$44,880-3%605,500
Engine and Other Machine Assemblers62$48,090-3%28,200
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders62$39,310+3%20,300
Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic62$41,430-3%63,700
Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic62$44,010-3%20,900
Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic62$45,230-3%25,200
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic62$42,840-3%16,800
Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic62$40,780-3%58,100
Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic62$44,620-3%27,700
Printing Press Operators62$42,230-8%135,600
Sewing Machine Operators62$33,180-5%119,800
Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders62$35,080-5%10,900
Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders62$37,380-5%18,300
Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood62$37,070-5%27,000
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders62$42,440+3%25,300
Cutters and Trimmers, Hand62$36,160-5%15,300
Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders62$39,310-3%56,400
Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders62$40,410-3%58,500
Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders62$38,500+3%13,800
Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders62$42,560-5%35,800
Helpers--Production Workers68$34,430-2%333,800
Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers68$31,420-8%160,400
Team Assemblers68$38,090-3%935,000
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders68$34,010-5%12,000
Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders68$38,960-3%15,700
Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other72$38,760-3%1,086,800
Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers72$40,900-5%9,900
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers72$39,270-5%176,800
Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic72$40,120-3%130,700
Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic72$39,770-3%105,800
Prepress Technicians and Workers72$46,600-8%25,900
Print Binding and Finishing Workers72$37,360-8%38,900
Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials72$30,210-8%31,700
Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators72$37,200-8%17,100
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators78$37,340-3%285,400

Sources and methodology

The score is a relative index of task exposure from 0 to 100. It is not a percentage chance of losing a job or a forecast of layoffs. Individual tasks, employer choices, adoption, and regulation all matter.

The Index uses stored BLS-based occupation data. O*NET, OECD capability indicators, and task-exposure research are contextual references. The derivation of the stored occupation scores is not reproducibly documented in the published dataset.

The source snapshot does not record the wage-survey year or employment-projection window. Check the original BLS release before treating these figures as current. Editorial changes and export dates do not establish data freshness.

Read the methodology and limitations